The days when conspiracy theories, disinformation and fake news were confined to the internet’s fringes are long gone. They are now part of mainstream global debate, influencing elections, disrupting markets and challenging the boundaries of free speech. As the World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report 2025 revealed, disinformation remains the top short-term risk for the second consecutive year. It has the power to erode trust, deepen divisions, and weaken governance and global cooperation. With regulation still lagging behind the fast pace of technological change, the risk is not only persistent but growing.

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